How to Use UIPageViewController to Build Tutorial Screens
Editor’s note: For the very first time you launch an app, you’ll probably find a series of tutorial screens to walk you through the basic features. It’s a common practice to explain how the app works. This week, we’ll show you how to build a similar type of tutorials by using UIPageViewController.
The UIPageViewController class was introduced into the iOS 5 SDK as a mechanism to implement a page turning style of user interface in iOS applications. The UIPageViewController is a highly configurable class that it lets developers to configure:
- the orientation of the page views – vertical or horizontal
- the transition style – page turning style or a dot based style
- the axis (spine) on which the page will turn
In this tutorial we are going to show how to use the UIPageViewController to implement an app that allows users to scroll between multiple screens. You can find examples of this type of page view implementation in games like Angry Birds to show the available levels or in apps that include tutorial/walkthrough screens.
Prior to iOS 5 we had to use the UIPageControl class and explicitly control the animations, as well as, transitions between pages. This procedure has been highly simplified with the introduction of the UIPageViewController. We’ll keep the demo app very simple and focus to demonstrate the usage of UIPageViewController. However, with the basic understanding of the page view controller, you can easily build the tutorial screens in your app.
A Glance at the Demo App
The application we are going to create is very simple: it consists of five different screens that each page displays a unique screen label. You’re allowed to navigate between pages by swiping through the screen.
Creating the Project
Open Xcode and create a new Project by using the Single View Application template. It might seem a little bit strange to select the Single View Application template as Xcode already comes with a Page-Based Application template, which contains a fully functional app based on the UIPageViewController. However, this template is a little bit complex and it will take us more time to clean-up the code of the template than to start from scratch. Needless to say, we can better grasp the concept behind the UIPageViewController when we start from scratch.
Okay, let’s move on. In the next screen enter PageApp as the product name and set com.appcoda in the company identifier field. Select the Use Authomatic Reference Counting option, but unselect the Use Storyboard since we’re not going to use storyboards for this project. Press next and create the project. Then, select the APPViewController.xib file and change the background of the view to black color.
Creating the Tutorial Screen
The next step is to implement the view controller class that we use to display our five tutorial screens. Select File -> New -> File … and from the list of available templates, select the “Objective-C class” template. Name the class APPChildViewController and make it a subclass of UIViewController. Also, check the box labeled “With XIB for user interface” in order to create the corresponding user interface.
Select the APPChildViewController.xib file just created. Change the background of the view to Black and reduce the vertical size of the view to 512 points to leave some free space for the dots of the page controller (which has a default height of 36 points). Finally add a white UILabel centered on the screen, with a big font size, and change its content to “Screen #n”. The resulting view should look something like:
Next, we have to create an IBOutlet for that label. In order to do that, change the Editor to the Assistant mode meanwhile the APPChildViewController.xib file is selected. The APPChildViewController.h file should be opened. Control and drag from the UILabel to the APPViewController.h and create an IBOutlet. Set the name as screenNumber. Finally, create a new property of type NSInteger called index. The resulting APPChildViewControl.h file should be something like:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface APPChildViewController : UIViewController @property (assign, nonatomic) NSInteger index; @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *screenNumber; @end |
The index property allows us to control which screen is currently shown. In order to do that, once we have created a child screen, we have to set up its index through the index property. At the same time, we update the text of the label as well. Add the following line of code to the end of the viewDidAppear: method in the file APPChildViewController.m:
1 |
self.screenNumber.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Screen #%d", self.index]; |
Handling the View Controllers
The UIPageViewController class highlights the distinction between a view controller and a container controller. The container controller is used to contain and manage multiple view controllers shown in the app, as well as, controlling the way one view controller switches to another. Here the UIPageViewController is the container controller that lets the user navigate between pages of content, where each page is managed by its own view controller object.
In order to make UIPageViewController work, our APPViewController has to adopt the UIPageViewControllerDataSource protocol. By implementing the data source protocol, we tell the page view controller what to display for each page.
Open the APPViewController.h file and modify the @interface declaration, and add a new property to hold the UIPageViewController:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface APPViewController : UIViewController <UIPageViewControllerDataSource> @property (strong, nonatomic) UIPageViewController *pageController; @end |
Next, we have to implement at least two methods of the protocol:
- viewControllerAfterViewController – provides the view controller after the current view controller. In other words, we tell the app what to display for the next screen.
- viewControllerBeforeViewController – provides the view controller before the current view controller. In other words, we tell the app what to display when user switches back to the previous screen.
Add the following lines of code before the end of the APPViewController.c file:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 |
- (UIViewController *)pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController viewControllerBeforeViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController { NSUInteger index = [(APPChildViewController *)viewController index]; if (index == 0) { return nil; } index--; return [self viewControllerAtIndex:index]; } - (UIViewController *)pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController viewControllerAfterViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController { NSUInteger index = [(APPChildViewController *)viewController index]; index++; if (index == 5) { return nil; } return [self viewControllerAtIndex:index]; } |
The above methods are very straightforward. We simply increase/decrease the screen number and return the view controller to display. However, please note that we have to check if we have reached the boundaries of the pages and return nil in that case. In the demo app, we have a maximum of five pages. So we’ll return nil if user has come to the end of the pages.
As you may wonder, there are two ways to create the view controllers for the container. We can either create them all at once and put them into the container. However, this way is not recommended as it takes up too much resources. Another way is to create the view controller only when they are needed. Here, the “viewControllerAtIndex” method is designed for this purpose. It takes in the index parameter and creates the corresponding view controller (i.e. APPChildViewController) on the fly.
Add the following method at the end of the APPViewController.m file:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
- (APPChildViewController *)viewControllerAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { APPChildViewController *childViewController = [[APPChildViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"APPChildViewController" bundle:nil]; childViewController.index = index; return childViewController; } |
Finally, you have to tell iOS the number of dots to display in the page view controller and which dot must be selected at the beginning. Add the following two methods at the end of the APPViewController.m file:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
- (NSInteger)presentationCountForPageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController { // The number of items reflected in the page indicator. return 5; } - (NSInteger)presentationIndexForPageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController { // The selected item reflected in the page indicator. return 0; } |
Again the above code is very straightforward. We simply tell iOS that we have 5 pages to display in the page view controller and the first page should be selected by default.
Initializing the UIPageViewController
The final step is to create and initialize the UIPageViewController. The best place to do that is in the viewDidLoad method. Open the APPViewController.m file and change the method to:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 |
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.pageController = [[UIPageViewController alloc] initWithTransitionStyle:UIPageViewControllerTransitionStyleScroll navigationOrientation:UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientationHorizontal options:nil]; self.pageController.dataSource = self; [[self.pageController view] setFrame:[[self view] bounds]]; APPChildViewController *initialViewController = [self viewControllerAtIndex:0]; NSArray *viewControllers = [NSArray arrayWithObject:initialViewController]; [self.pageController setViewControllers:viewControllers direction:UIPageViewControllerNavigationDirectionForward animated:NO completion:nil]; [self addChildViewController:self.pageController]; [[self view] addSubview:[self.pageController view]]; [self.pageController didMoveToParentViewController:self]; } |
Let’s see what the method does. We first create the UIPageViewController object and specify the navigation style, as well as, the navigation orientation. Here we use UIPageViewControllerTransitionStyleScroll as the transition and UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientationHorizontal as orientation. Please note that the transition using dots is only available if we use an horizontal orientation and a scroll style. Other orientations or transitions styles will default the switch to a page turning style.
Next we specify the data source, in this case it is the class itself. We also modify the frame of the controller in order to opt for the full screen. We then create the first child screen and add that screen to an array of controllers. We do not add more controllers to the array of controllers as we have opted to create them on demand.
And finally, we have to replace the current controller by our new page controller, and to add the page controller view to the current view.
Compile and Run the App
And there we go, start the application and see how the UIPageViewController works. You should be able to test the page view controller by using the iPhone Simulator. Try to swipe through the screen to navigate between pages.
Download Full Source Code
In this tutorial, we have given a basic introduction of UIPageViewController. This is a very handy class for implementing tutorials in your app. Try to modify the sample app and build a more elegant tutorials.
For your complete reference, you can download the full source code from here. As always, leave us comment and share your thought.
Stay tuned. We’ll have a few more tutorials in the coming weeks.
Comments
Ирина Антонюк
AuthorThanks a lot for this lesson… It`s very in time for me! Looking forward for new one…
Shashi mishra
Authorhey can you share some topic to discuss related to ios
David
AuthorGreat! Awesome! as normaly
LittlePeculiar
AuthorVery Cool app. As always, thank you for this site. It’s become my favorite for iOS tutorials.
Awesome
Simon Ng
AuthorThanks! Glad to hear that 🙂
lanqy
AuthorOn iPhone 4S the dots Page controller doesn’t show,I try to change the view height but doesn’t work, how to show the dots page?
KingG
Authorhi, i think it shows….maybe u have to scroll down…:)
Hunt
AuthorMany thanks! I have a question. How to scrolling automaticaly beetwen screens?
John R Dempsey
AuthorI cant tell where the .c file is as I dont seem to have one while following this tutorial … any help would be appreciated 🙂
Erik Fisher
AuthorIt’s just a typo. It’s supposed to say APPViewController.m;)
Naiyer Aghaz
Authoryeah .c means to .m implementation file of APPViewController
Ranjit
AuthorHi, thanks for your blog, but I think their is a bug in this project, the index is not getting updated properly.
newbie1
Authori am getting error “no visible @interface for declares the selector ‘viewControllerAtIndex’ ”
Any idea why this would be ?
Dave Haupert
AuthorI appreciate this tutorial so much- but it appears to have a memory leak. I put a dealloc routine in the AppChildViewController and set a breakpoint and it is never called. the viewControllerAtIndex gets called for viewcontrollers already created. I’m going to change things up to cache them somehow but wanted to give you the heads up!
Nic
AuthorNice tutorial. Big thanks!! But why would we have to change the vertical size ??
I see no difference between before-and-after changing. Dots still show up and distance remains the same.
Thanks for your explanation.
座頭市
Author@property (assign, nonatomic) NSInteger index;
How to connect? just a write?
azam
Authoryou don’t connect NSInteger. it is not UI element.
座頭市
AuthorThis course ask for the detailed description.
pdxbenjamin
AuthorI’m having an odd issue with the instruction “reduce the vertical size of the view to 512 points” my height option is grayed out and un-changeable
mikkkkk
AuthorCheck the Attributes inspector, under Simulated Metrics. The size should be “Freeform”.
Mohammed Gritli
Authorcan you please do another tutorial using storyboards !!! i’d really appreciate it
Jorge Costa
AuthorHi Simon, great tutorial! Simple as normaly.
I have a question for you… I’m trying to add buttons to jump to a specific page, do you know how to do that?
Cheers,
bruce
AuthorGood tutorial. But I have a question. How to add a home page button on the screen interface, so that I can click the home page,it will go to the first page.
Another question is that if the each page has voice file, how to turn the page automatically after the audio of a page finish playing. Thanks.
neel
AuthorHello bruce,
did you get answer for your question, since i am also looking for a solution where how to add a home page button on the screen interface, so that i can click the home page, it will go to the first page. And after that one more question, how to attached voice file with each pages and if the page turn automatically or manually then accordingly audio of a page finish playing thanks.
Carlos Torres
AuthorHow can I unbounce it?
leancuisine
AuthorAnyone wanting to try this with Storyboard should alter the function – (AppChildViewController *)viewControllerAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index in APPViewController.m
Swap this:
APPChildViewController *childViewController = [[APPChildViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@”APPChildViewController” bundle:nil];
for this:
UIStoryboard* sb = [UIStoryboard storyboardWithName:@”myStoryboard” bundle:nil];
APPChildViewController *childViewController = [sb instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@”myStoryboardID”];
(“myStoryboard” is the name of your projects storyboard as visible in the project navigator (file list). “myStoryboardID” is the ID you set on the APPChildViewController using interface builder.)
—
A big thank you to AppCoda for your great tutorials!
Eric Roland Goldberg
AuthorYou can just use “self.storyboard” instead of storyboardWithName:bundle: if you’re calling it from within a view controller that is itself instantiated from a Storyboard. More modular that way.
tywhite
AuthorHow do I set the ID on APPChildViewController in interface builder? I’m in Xcode 5, so no option but to have a storyboard present, but I don’t know how to get APPChildViewController into the storyboard, let alone set an ID on it. Help! (And sorry for being a n00b)
Eftixia Happines
Authorplease share how?
Peter Park
AuthorI’m sure you’ve already figured it out, but just in case someone is wondering this, this is on storyboard, with the child view controller selected.
Peter Park
AuthorThank you! This is exactly what I needed.
Drunkard
AuthorOh wow….
Good to know that it was exactly what you needed ….. hahahahaaaaa……
Drunkard
AuthorHey, Peter Park
Where did you park your car ?????
tywhite
AuthorWould love if this tutorial would get updated for XCode 5 — I’m a first timer and running into all sorts of issues that I suspect are merely from the slightly different setup.
Ivan
AuthorDefinitely best iOS tutorials that I’ve seen so far
Hugh Jeremy
AuthorHow can you make it go back to the first page after you’ve reached the last page, and go to the last page with a left swipe from the first page?
John R Dempsey
AuthorI need to access the pageControl dots – I have used the tutorial above and it works great but I cant figure out how to move the pageControls location or how to access it to change the dots tint color. Any help on this will be greatly appreciated.
David Findlay
AuthorSee this stack overflow: https://stackoverflow.com/a/31798296/991144
UIPageControl* proxy = [UIPageControl appearanceWhenContainedIn:[self.pageController class], nil];
[proxy setPageIndicatorTintColor:[UIColor lightGrayColor]];
[proxy setCurrentPageIndicatorTintColor:[UIColor blackColor]];
[proxy setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
John R Dempsey
AuthorI found the answer you need to do this in the controller that sets the pageController
NSArray *subviews = self.pageController.view.subviews;
UIPageControl *thisControl = nil;
for (int i=0; i<[subviews count]; i++) {
if ([[subviews objectAtIndex:i] isKindOfClass:[UIPageControl class]]) {
thisControl = (UIPageControl *)[subviews objectAtIndex:i];
}
}
This will allow you to access the pageControl element
htta
Authorfake
Mohamed
Authorit’s a very good tutorial; please can you tell me how pass the image from page controller view to another view controller after select it(by one touch); please help me
Nick G.
AuthorFirst, create a segue between the View Controller with the images and the destination controller, then create in the View Controller with the images a prepareForSegue method.
H.S.H
AuthorHello,
I have a question:
how can I enable the user to indicate the number of pages rather than setting it myself?
thanks in advance
Bruno Santos
AuthorI added some images to each page and I want the dots to appear in front of the pages, but I having trouble in doing that. The black background appears with the dots appears in front of the images.
Can anyone help me with that?
Gerard Grundy
AuthorHi awesome tutorial! I have added this to a previous app of mine and managed to load the tute view though how can I return to my app after the last page is viewed? My app is in storyboard.
Gerard Grundy
AuthorI figured how to do this email me if your interested. 🙂 http://disq.us/8hd7de
iOSNewbie
AuthorNSUInteger index = [(APPChildViewController *)viewController index]; in viewControllerBeforeViewController gives the error no visible @interface for APPChildViewController declares the selector index. Anyone knows why?
Thanks
iOSNewbie
AuthorMy Bad. I had a typo. Works fine. thanks
TheKog
AuthorMy question is about the array of viewControllers created in viewDidLoad. You added the initial childViewController to the array and initialized the pageController with setViewControllers. Later when anvigation causes you to allocate additional childViewControllers and you return them in the viewControllerBefore/After methods, are they added to the array by the system? I am confused as to whether the app needs to manage its own array of childViewControllers or not for correct memory usage and proper dynamic allocation of childViewControllers. And finally shouldn’t you free up childViewControllers at some point? What if you were page swiping through 100 pages each with various images? At some point pages should be freed up – how would you handle this? Thanks in advance your tutorial was useful but my questions are relative to Apple’s PageControl tutorial as related.
Behinder
AuthorDid nobody do tutorial of uipageview controller using storyboards which is preffered way of doing things in xcode 5? 🙁
Play Lotto
AuthorHow to dismiss the tutorial and go back to your app?
I am trying to put an exit button, but it’s not working…it would be great to implement the tutorial screen with a demo app or empty view to back to
thanks a lot
Akashshr
AuthorThanks! Appreciate a good tut
Irina
AuthorIf you swipe super fast, at some point the dots stop showing the correct placement.
zalak shah
Authorhi, its nice tutorial, can you say me, how to do for page curl with UIPageViewControllerSpineLocationMid and with double side = YES
orit
AuthorHow can I add a button that when i click on it- it will go on to the next page? (of course i will have 2 button one for left and one for right) Thank you!
LAOMUSIC ARTS
AuthorOn line 34 from APPChildVC.m, the values of type “NSInteger” should not be used as a format arguments.
Fiy it by adding an explicit cast to “long”:
(your original code):
self.screenNumber.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@”Screen #%d”, self.index];
(then will become…)
self.screenNumber.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@”Screen #%ld”, (long)self.index];
ganesh m
AuthorHi this is Ganesh i am having 3 years of experience as a java developer and i am certified. i have knowledge on OOPS concepts in java but dont know indepth. After learning php will be enough to get a good career in IT with good package? and i crossed php training in chennai website where someone please help me to identity the syllabus covers everything or not??
thanks,Ganesh.
ganesh m
AuthorHi this is Ganesh i am having 3 years of experience as a java developer and i am certified. i have knowledge on OOPS concepts in java but dont know indepth. After learning php will be enough to get a good career in IT with good package? and i crossed php training in chennai website where someone please help me to identity the syllabus covers everything or not??
thanks,Ganesh.
ganesh m
AuthorHi this is Ganesh i am having 3 years of experience as a java developer and i am certified. i have knowledge on OOPS concepts in java but dont know indepth. After learning php will be enough to get a good career in IT with good package? and i crossed php training in chennai website where someone please help me to identity the syllabus covers everything or not??
thanks,Ganesh.
ganesh m
AuthorHi this is Ganesh i am having 3 years of experience as a java developer and i am certified. i have knowledge on OOPS concepts in java but dont know indepth. After learning php will be enough to get a good career in IT with good package? and i crossed php training in chennai website where someone please help me to identity the syllabus covers everything or not??
thanks,Ganesh
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Authorplease do another tutorial using storyboard, how to uncheck storyboard in Xcode 6
Timothy Esposito
AuthorHi, is there a reason that you used a UIViewController with a UIPageViewController property, versus only using a UIPageViewController? Is there a need/advantage for it to be a property and not the class itself?
Iruka
AuthorCan you do this with swift? Thanks!!
jhanzo
AuthorA Gist for this 😉 https://gist.github.com/jhanzo/5b217109d7701fcc930d18e01a8e23cf
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AuthorI read your articular for i os how to compile the source coding and how to access UI interface.
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Eduardo Lombardi
AuthorAnyone with the error of getting the wrong dot for quick scrolling?
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Authorlooks perfect…Will do great..!
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Authorlooks perfect…Will do great..!
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AuthorNice blog Rafael. Where do you get Single View Application template.
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Authorvery good tutorial. Really appreciate your work
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Authori would like to know how can i deal with dynamic pages,thank you.
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AuthorAny idea why dots in UIPageController after swiping and taping on them are unsynced with the UIPageViewController?
Index of shown controller is different from the index of the highlighted dot. I’ve double-checked my implementation but still no idea what’s wrong…
Marek Manduch
AuthorUIPageViewController is the worst system ‘component’ I’ve ever used. Every time I use it, there are some problems. Most of them I solved by replacing it by combination of UIScrollView and UIPageView. The last problem I’ve mentioned here was solved by disabling user interaction on the UIPageController (aka on dots) of UIPageVC (thought its appearance).
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